Factors That Influence Teenagers On Alcohol And Effects

Kassandra Marie N. Romero English 27- NB Sir Andre Dominic Peralta Factors that influence Teenagers in alcohol and Effects Introduction The teenage years are the time of searching ourselves, engaging in different activities, doing something to fit to our peers and trying to form what we want to be. They are usually under the pressure on the school activities and performance. Sometimes, pressure from their parents who has big expectations from them is the reason why they engaged alcohol. In the present, numerous teenagers are already engaging alcohol consumption. Despite of negative effects that they can get, they prefer to ignore it for a certain reason that they wanted to prove something for themselves, pressures from the people surrounds†¦show more content†¦Peer pressure has a significant impact on perceived acceptability of alcohol use. This influence is one of the most reason why teenagers initially take alcohol especially males. There are some factors that influence teenagers in drinking. 1. Family Problem A teenager who has family history of alcohol abuse or they witnessed adults drinking during their younger days has a risk for engaging alcohol. Unhealthy family influence teen to may be a factor in teen’s initial introduce of alcohol. They assumed that it is normal or acceptable behavior if they grown up to this kind of household. Teens get many values from their parents and other older influences, and often mimic them. Moreover, one of the reasons of teenagers engaging drinking is family problem. They tend to engaged drinking to forgot it for a while. As an escaping mechanism, they use alcohol to as part of 2. Peer Pressure Peer pressure can be a major factor that can led teenagers to try drinking. Teenagers’ years is the time trying to figure out who they are and where they can fit. This stage curiosities and insecurities develop. A teen that surrounded with teens that are drinking alcohol may be at risk in starting drinking. They may be influenced by their peer some are forced and some has no choice but to drink so that they could be accepted by their friends. 3. Other Problem The main factors that influenced teenagers to engage drinking is family problem and peer pressure, but thenShow MoreRelatedTeenage Binge Drinking and its Consequences1294 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequences. Teenagers, who engage in binge drinking, are likely to be exposed to other dangers, such as psychological issues, drinking-related accidents, and violent crimes. The increased prevalence of this problem makes it imperative to understand contributing factors, which can help in policy formulation. There are various factors that may increase the chances of teenagers engaging in binge drinking. Some of the factors are socioeconomic, which can be altered to dissuade teenagers from abusingRead More The Harms of Underage Alcohol Consumption Essay examples826 Words   |  4 PagesHarms of Underage Alcohol Consumption Alcohol use is extremely prevalent in our society. Young people grow up seeing their parents and other adults make toast of wine and champagne at special occasions, as well as casually enjoying a few beers at a picnic. Today alcoholic beverages are frequently as common at business lunches as they are at college frat parties. Underage drinking is a huge problem which everyone must face. Under age drinking not only has devastating effects on those who drinkRead MoreUnderage Drinking in Australia683 Words   |  3 Pagesover a lifetime from alcohol increase progressively – this means that the more young people drink, the greater the risk† (Windle, Spear, Fuligni, Angold, Drown, Pine, Smith, Giedd, Dahl 2009). Some states within Australia do not have to deal with this problem nearly as much as others. These teenagers are classified as underage drinkers because the national legal drinking age in Australia is 18 years of age – meaning they are still considered to be mi nors (Australian Alcohol Guidelines, 2009). ForRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Human Body786 Words   |  4 Pagesfocuses on alcohol addiction. Alcohol is a flammable liquid which often intoxicates drinks (WebMD, 2016). Examples of the drinks include beer, wine, and other beverages. Component parts of this interest includes what factors that influence or encourage alcohol usage and addiction?, What methods are utilized to decrease one’s alcohol usage?, and what are the effects of alcohol on the human body? I became curious about this question because I have family members and relatives who suffer from alcohol addictionRead MoreThe Dangers Of Teenage Alcoholism863 Words   |  4 Pagesevery twelve adults living with alcohol abuse, it is a possibility that the children of these people will grow up and follow their parents. In this pattern there is a never ending cycle of alcohol abuse and dependence that has resulted in alcohol being ranked as the third leading cause o f behavior related deaths in America (Facts About Alcohol. 2015, July). There is a higher risk for teenagers who consume alcohol because their brains are not fully developed. The alcohol that they drink suppresses theRead MoreShould Alcohol Be Addicted?911 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of alcohol in teens has been a major problem in recent years. There is a study show that alcohol is a strong factor which made people addicted â€Å"The past decade, alcohol expectancies have been shown to be powerful predictors of drinking and it is now believed that they act as a common pathway for the influence of more distal risk factors for alcohol abuse† (Houben, 2006). Throughout the years, one can see the growing amount of alcohol consumed by those who did not reach the age limit. WhileRead MoreUnderage Drinking868 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 5 -- Final Research Essay Alcohol use is extremely prevalent in our society. Young people grow up seeing their parents and other adults make toast of wine and champagne at special occasions, as well as casually enjoying a few beers at a picnic. Today alcoholic beverages are frequently as common at business lunches as they are at college frat parties. Underage drinking is a huge problem which everyone must face. Under age drinking not only has devastating effects on those who drink but alsoRead MoreEssay on Teenage Drinking In America920 Words   |  4 Pages Teenagers are America’s greatest natural resource, and they need to be protected from some of the evils that lurk in the world. A subject that needs special attention is the abuse of alcohol by teens. Statistics show that there is a problem currently between teens and alcohol. There are many causes of teenage drinking and effects that prove that drinking is an important issue that needs to be dealt with to preserve American teenagers. Teen age drinking will become worse of a problem if it continuesRead MoreDrunk Driving Essay examples863 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays, we can easily purchase alcohol everywhere. There are a lot of retail shops, bars, restaurants for us to buy alcohol. In the developing countries as Vietnam and China, people can purchase alcohol at any age. That’s the opportunity for the industry of alcohol develops and contribute the nation’s income. However, the negative effect of alcohol to security very seriously and it kills the young generations if the government doesn’t offer tough measures . While I was in Vietnam, I often wentRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States1333 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinking in the United States is twenty-one, most teenagers tend to start drinking beforehand. These teenagers drink more heavily than adults do; therefore, developmental issues tend to be a factor that may affect a teenager’s system if they drink throughout their lifespan. Although teenagers are aware that drunk driving can be fatal and can cause permanent damage, they recklessly get behind the wheel under the influence of alcohol. Underage alcohol use is often associated with educational failure

J.S. MIlls Essay - 818 Words

Individual Civilization nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the final two chapters of the essay â€Å"On Liberty†, J.S. Mill discusses a few different subjects concerning individual civilization. The one example I believe is important begins on page 92. Here he discusses how he feels about society trying to help or change a way that someone has decided to live their life. The decisions they make and the actions that they do are completely up to the individual themselves. I will try to further examine the role society plays in a person’s civilization and what arguments Mill made to explain the situation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the first three chapters, Mill discussed when and why someone’s personal Liberties should, if at all, be taken†¦show more content†¦As long as there is no harm inflicted or threatening harm to others within the community, opposing figures should not have the right to invade a situation and try to control it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An example of this that Mill uses is a case of a man crossing an unsafe bridge. He states that if someone is crossing a bridge that isn’t safe and an officer or another person sees this, there isn’t time to warn of the danger. The person might be seized and turned back, without his liberties taken away. The idea is that your liberty is what you desire to do or feel. The man does not desire to fall into the river, so by withdrawing him from the bridge his liberties are not broken. On the other hand, no one knows why this person desires to take the risk of falling into the river. So, unless he is a child or someone who is incapable of making their own discussions (due to mental retardation), he should only be warned of the danger and not forcibly removed from the bridge (96-97). This would not be hurting his liberties. You are just conducting an expression of the danger ahead for the individual. If you forcibly remove the person, their liberties w ould be somewhat invaded. Before taking action of a situation, one should know all of the circumstances and facts. Maybe for some crazy reason the man wanted to fall into the river, then his liberties would be torn apart because the officer felt differently.Show MoreRelatedMoral Theories: Kant and J.S Mill1473 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides a better argument and can be applied as a universal moral code. The two moral theorists Immanuel Kant and J.S Mill have created two distinctly different theories on morality and how to develop a universal moral code. Both theories focus on intentions and consequences. Kant believes that the intentions and reasons of our actions can be measured and defined as morally correct, where as Mill believes that our intentions really play no role in morality, and that we should focus on the consequences andRead MoreEssay about Mill vs Dostoevsky1064 Words   |  5 Pagescompare J.S. Mill’s views on the social function of freedom with that of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s characters from both, the novel Notes From Underground and the excerpt; The Grand Inquisitor, also drawing supplementary arguments from Friedrich Nietzsche, while expressing my views alongside. Mill’s core assumption of man is that he is a rational being who will strive to maximize his own utility. â€Å"I regard utility as the ultimate appeal†¦ on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being.† (Mill. OnRead MoreWhat Type Of Power Can Be Placed Onto A Society And Its People1212 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of J.S. Mill’s essay is to examine what type of power can lawfully be placed onto a society and its people. Mill sought to explore this topic because he recognized the continual development of society and how circumstances change as society rapidly becomes more civilized. The object of his essay, stated in his introduction, is to argue that self-protection is the only instance in which individual liberty can be interfered. In chapter four, Mills goes on to explore these limits on individualRead MoreThe Right Block Free Speech997 Words   |  4 Pagesshould go no farther than J.S Mill. J.S Mill held the view that there are more pros to promoting freedom of speech than there are in creating censorship. Mill believed that blocking freedom of speech itself was a form of blocking access to the truth. He believed that limiting free speech limits the formation of ideas into truth. â€Å"The peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation† (Mill, On Liberty). WithoutRead More On Liberty Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis amp; Critique of J.S. Mills On Liberty nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The perception of liberty has been an issue that has bewildered the human race for a long time. It seems with every aspiring leader comes a new definition of liberty, some more realistic than others. We have seen, though, that some tend to have a grasp of what true liberty is. One of these scholars was the English philosopher and economist J.S. Mill. Mills On Liberty provided a great exampleRead MoreAristotle s Views On Society2536 Words   |  11 PagesAristotle and J.S. Mill are two of the most well known philosophers who both believe that some pleasures are seen as higher or more desirable than others. However, do both their theories really relate to each other or is there a degree of conflict between them that reveals their difference in views? Although both Aristotle’s view along with J.S. Mill’s view may originate many years ago, they still have an impact on society today and what we can learn from them, especially in modern-day Canada. U ltimatelyRead MoreJohn Stuart Mills Work881 Words   |  4 Pagesprescription for medical marijuana is immoral and it is restricted in many states including Texas. In the section on liberty, John Stuart Mill introduces the harm principle. Mill believes that â€Å"The only legitimate ground for social coercion is to prevent someone from doing harm to others†. (John Stuart Mill handout, Principle 1). It means that everyone should have their own individual liberty to think as they satisfy unless their actions or decisions may not cause harmRead MoreThe Mill By John Stuart Mill1537 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Stuart Mill was a famous philosopher and historian. Jeremy Bentham who advocated for utilitarianism just like Mill influenced much of Mill’s works. Mill’s works were also greatly influenced by Jeremy Bentham’s brother, Samuel and Mill’s father, James. Mill had many early works prior to his writings on utilitarianism. Mill discusses how to determine right and wrong, but this seems to be an ongoing conflict. Mill believes that in order to prove goodness you must have ethical morals lined up inRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pageswholly good, and that pain to the lone evil in the world, as he said, â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as what we shall do.† Mill updated Bentham’s theory to add a sort of strata to pleasure. Essentially, what Utilitarianism follows is the greatest happiness principle, which states that one should always do whatever allows for the greatest amount of good for the greatest amountRead MoreThe Change Of The East India Company Monopoly1478 Words   |  6 Pageshe was in England, Say was confronted on the things he saw, the things he admired and those that he deplored. Still in England, Say was able to make crucial friendship networks with well-known economist such as, David Ricardo, Jeremy Bethem, James Mill and Thomas Malthus. At the time, he visited Glasgow; he got a chance to sit on the professorial chair of Adam Smith, and this marked an emotional period in his life. Without a doubt, his perspective of England could not go without observation and criticism

The Role Of Interventions Used By Narrative Therapist

There are various types of interventions utilized by narrative therapist. The intervention used will depend on the therapist and the client. The following are just a few of the interventions that are at a narrative therapist disposal. Problem Deconstruction. Deconstructed Listening and Questions. Deconstructed listening and questions are based on the philosophical works of Jacques Derrid, narrative therapists use this technique to help their clients track how dominate discourses are affecting them and enable them to choose which discourses they will allow to affect their lives (Gehart, 2014). â€Å"In deconstructive listening, the therapist listens for â€Å"gaps† in the client’s understanding and ask them to fill in the details or has them explain the ambiguities in their stories†(Gehart, 2014, p. 408). Deconstructive questions help the client breakdown the story to see how it was constructed in the first place and to help identify which discourse is influencing them (Gehart, 2014). Scaffolding Conversations. Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development concept is the basis of this intervention. This concept is based on Vygotsky’s theory that learning is relational so in order for children to learn, they need to be able to interact with the new material. This concept can also apply to adults, especially when the task is difficult for them. The therapist will use â€Å"scaffolding conversations to move from that which is familiar to that which is novel† (Gehart, 2014, p. 409). There areShow MoreRelatedClical Reasoning as Described by Neistdadt1819 Words   |  7 Pagesperformed by occupational therapists which are central to practice and involved throughout the Occupational therapy process (Neistadt, 1996, AOTA, 2008). This will be done in relation to our case study of which the protagonist is Hugh, a 70 year old widower and retired baker, who was managing well an episode of depression but has recently been found apathetic, unwashed and in soile d clothes by the public mental health nurse, and referred to see an occupational therapist. Narrative Reasoning The first elementRead MoreFamily Therapy Role Play Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages1. Role Preparation: (A brief presentation, how you prepared your role?) In the role play, I am an elderly South Asian immigrant grandparent (Baba – in this role play) with significant medical problems, arrived in Canada just two months ago. His wife passed away six months back, mentally disturbed and hoping to have some emotional support from his only son who migrated to Canada 16 years back. Baba is also sick, needs to consult a doctor and looking for a quite corner in the apartment where heRead MoreExperiential Interventions : Experiential Therapy934 Words   |  4 PagesExperiential Interventions. Experiential therapy does not like to define itself by interventions. However, there are several recognized techniques in the therapy. Satir and Whitaker used their own communication skills to conduct therapy. Satir would encourage physical touch with the clients, showing strength and comfort. Carl Whitaker would use his sense of self to interact authentically within the system to influence change. Some techniques that are used often: †¢ Co-therapist: Whitaker believedRead MoreTreatment Models Chosen For Comparison1241 Words   |  5 Pages Treatment Models Chosen for Comparison 1. Narrative Therapy the role of the therapist, views of people and their problems, and the approach for helping. Narrative therapy is a way to look at a person’s life story and their struggles from an outside looking in approach. The problems become separate from the individual. Narrative therapy helps the client examine their life story from a strengths perspective. Instead of focusing on the problems the worker helps the client identify their strengthsRead MorePersonal Identity, Relational Identity And Identity1403 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a family identity narrative that allows members to express their feelings of division within the family due to distance created by having to drive to chemotherapy appointments. However, in writing the family narrative, the family is still maintaining a sense of closeness and loyalty. A middle phase goal would be to increase the parents’ influence over conflict between siblings in order to reduce it (Gehart, 2010). The first skill used with NFT for intervention would be to identify the reflectiveRead MoreInterventions Of Children With Parents, Children, And Adolescents Mourning A Loss1502 Words   |  7 PagesInterventions For this paper, I decided to look into interventions that had to deal with parents, children, and adolescents mourning a loss. The two sections I will be focusing on mostly are Encountering Resistance and Finding Meaning with one intervention from Rewriting Life Narratives. As a student in the School Counseling program, I want to focus on how I could better assist my adolescent students that have had a loss and parents that are grieving over a child. A school counselor’s duty is theRead MoreSchizophrenia Case Study1205 Words   |  5 Pagesare numerous interventions for the management of symptoms of schizophrenia. Emphasis is placed on early intervention as the recurrence of psychosis results in diminished cognitive functioning and severely impacts quality of life and functioning (Galletly et al., 2016). However, emerging evidence has shown that the acute presentation of schizophrenia can be delayed and potentially averted altogether (Galletly et al., 2016). Regardless of treatment phase, schizophrenia intervention is designed toRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1299 Words   |  6 Pagesemphasizes that age may be a factor in children’s responses to traumatic events which thus determines the course of therapy (Faust Katchen, 2004). (Faust et al., 2004)Very young children struggle with cognitive components of cognitive-behavioral intervention strategies because it exceeds their developmental c apabilities (Faust Katchen, 2004). (Faust et al., 2004)As previously noted, a child is at a greater risk for the effects of severe sexual abuse in the first years of life (Faust Katchen, 2004)Read MoreThe Legal And Professional Issues Related Disorders, Domestic Violence And Child Abuse1290 Words   |  6 Pageschapters 3, 9, 12, 14, 15 and 16 looks at working with culturally diverse, therapeutic approaches of psychodynamic, Bowen, Structural, Solution-Focused and Narrative Family Therapies, the ethical, legal and professional issues in family therapy and working with substance related disorders, domestic violence and child abuse. Multiculturalism is a term used â€Å"to refer to distinct cultural groups within a region or nation and their needs† (p. 55). In providing family therapy to culturally diverse families,Read MoreU07A1 Compare and Contrast Two Family Therapy Theories Essay3707 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Bowens and narrative therapy. u07a1 Compare and Contrast Two Family Therapy Theories Kimberly R. Britton Capella University u07a1 Compare and Contrast Two Family Therapy Theories Choose two family systems therapy theories that you are interested in learning more about and applying to the family subsystem you analyzed in the Unit 5 assignment. Write a paper in which you describe the central concepts, goals, and typical interventions of each model, using

CONTACTING MCAFEE AND NETWORK ASSOCIATES Essay Example For Students

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For information on PrimeSupport options,contact your sales representative or visit theweb site:www.mcafeeb2b.com/support/primesupport/default.asp_______________________________________________CUSTOMER SERVICEThe Customer Service Department is available toconnect you to technical support or to answergeneral (non-technical) questions such as: Version Definition: information aboutUpdates and Upgrades Customer Queries: help with licenseentitlement, registration, grant numberinquiries, technical support validation, andmore Find a Sales Representative: Corporate, US,and international sales officesInternet Access to Customer Service:E-mail: emailprotectedWeb: www.nai.comwww.mcafeeb2b.comToll-Free Telephone Access to CustomerService:+1-888-VIRUS NO (+1-888-847-8766)CanadaLatin AmericaUnited StatesMonday Friday, 8 a.m. 8 p.m.,Central Time00800 12255624 BelgiumDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyIsraelItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsNorwayPortugalSpainSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom00800 3122 1287Greece+1800 552 171 Ireland0800 995054 South Africa020 522 827 Sweden0800 3192 9147 TurkeyMonday Friday, 09:00 18:00,Local Time_______________________________________________DOWNLOAD SUPPORTTo download files, visit the McAfee downloadsite:www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/ For DAT File Updates:www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/dats/find.aspftp://ftp.nai.com/pub/antivirus/datfiles/4.x For Product Upgrades:www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/upgrade/login.aspValid grant number required. 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Who Does She Think She Is

The documentary, â€Å"Who Does She Think She Is?† depicts the lives of three mother-artists. Female artists often lack the time and do not engage in making art for long periods. This phenomenon has a tendency to exist, as they are scared of losing their partners by not meeting the perceptions of an ideal wife due to the high commitment to the artistic talent. They do work, as they do not want to do to stay aï ¬â€šoat ï ¬ nancially.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Who Does She Think She Is? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I believe, the only reason for the men’s success in art is their ability to devote time to their hobbies and career development. In turn, women let them progress in their work by providing men with favorable conditions, as, otherwise, men will need to set a priority between art and regular routines. This ï ¬ lm has made me look back at my life from the vision of an artist and mother. Along with the experience, I gained through my painting and drawing education at XXXXX University in Korea, I have maintained a high interest and engagement in the ï ¬ ne arts. As a student, I won three prestigious national art competitions. After my graduation, I worked as a professional artist, curator and art teacher. Art helped me in the healing process of life. It is a secret between the canvas and me, and no one else will never know about its existence. I spent time only with people, who were supportive of my art career. They were able to make me more productive as an artist and a better person. Furthermore, I got married and came to the United States to support my husband’s studies at Cornell University in 1999. Three years later, I became a mother. I had two jobs at chemical companies, which were providing me with real life experience, in order to settle down ï ¬ nancially, raise my son, and support my husband here. This aspect made me realize that I need to surround myself with people with a similar vision as mine. My life credo became ‘I love being a mother since it gives me conï ¬ dence and strength. Being a mother requires more responsibility and care than a full-time job, it’s more than a career.’ Consequently, I had to switch to working part-time to pursue my art career and combine my mother’s ‘responsibilities’. To be honest, I have been suffering from depression and anxiety for the past several years. These diseases slowed my progress and made me rethink my whole situation as an artist. It has given me time to realize what I really want to do in my life, what I want to achieve, and what I want to give back. In turn, I think, it is critical that my family knows that I value something, which makes me more than just a mother and a wife.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fundamental goal is not only for them to realize that I am a human being, but also to prove that the only way to reach one’s dreams is to follow them. Nonetheless, it consists out of hard work and commitment while slowly walking towards the goal. Sending my thirteen-years-old son to the boarding high school next year and my husband’s strong support allow me to consider M.F.A. degree from XXXXX University’s creative painting program. It is my next step toward achieving my ultimate goal – becoming a professor in the art school. I believe that studying and teaching will offer an environment, which will give me the time, space, and resources to paint, inspire, and create. In a graduate program in painting, I look forward to reinvigorating my passions for painting and further developing of the areas, in which I have had experience previously. In addition to building these strengths, I am eager to cross borders and discover other facets of painting that I did not have a c hance to explore in my professional life. As a graduate student, I intend to build upon these principals and interests and explore myself further as an artist and individual. This essay on Who Does She Think She Is? was written and submitted by user Lina L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Safaricoms Mobile Banking

Safaricoms Mobile Banking Analyzing Summarizing the Innovation Environment  Safaricom’s Mobile Banking Introduction In 2005, Safaricom, a mobile phone company based in Kenya launched M-PESA, a mobile money transfer technique. This innovation was however a brain child of Vodafone, which is Safaricom’s subsidiary company based in the United Kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Safaricom’s Mobile Banking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With funding from UK based Department of International Development (DFID), Safaricom, which is Kenya’s leading mobile service provider agreed to roll out the M-PESA on a trial basis in the East African country. The pilot program which commenced in October 2005 saw one mainstream bank and a microfinance institution partner with the mobile service provider for purposes of providing it with the banking infrastructure needed during the pilot period. Kenya as a market Kenya is an Af rican country located on the east side of the continent. The country is astride the equator and borders Tanzania on the South, Uganda and Ethiopia on the North and Somalia on the North East border. To the Southeast lies the Indian Ocean. 2007 estimates indicate that Kenya has a population of approximately 37 million people with annual growth rate estimated at 2.8 percent (Fan, 2009). Although fairly late adopters in mobile telephony, People in Kenya have caught up pretty fast. In 1999, two mobile operators, Safaricom and Celtel ventured into the Kenyan market. By the end of 1999, only 17,000 Kenyans had subscribed to mobile telephony. By December 2007 however, 11.3 million Kenyans had subscribed to mobile telephony. Meanwhile however, other mobile telephone companies had entered the market. Fortunately for Safaricom, it remains the largest mobile service provider gauged by the subscriber base. According to Omwansa (2009), the company has 80 percent share of the entire market size. W hen Safaricom launched M-PESA, it commissioned agents in different parts of the country; the agent’s work was primarily to receive deposits from customers and electronically transfer this to the client’s M-PESA account. This electronic money transfer would then be registered as a cash float on the clients phone account. The agents also allowed clients to withdraw money from their accounts by simply entering the amount they wanted to withdraw on the cell phones M-PESA menu, followed by the agent number. In a country where commercial banks are few and wide apart, this financial innovation was embraced by both the banked and the unbanked population largely due to the convenience and the ease of transaction.Advertising Looking for thesis on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Safaricom however maintained that the M-PESA account was not a bank account mainly because people could neither earn interest on money deposited nor take up loans as is the case with ordinary banking accounts. How M-PESA works Once a person opens an M-PESA account through an authorized agent, Safaricom registers this as an electronic account that one can use to receive, send or withdraw money. Any money deposited in the account is managed by Safaricom, which pools the amount in a mainstream bank in the country. By pooling the money in the commercial bank, Mas Morawczynski (2009) notes that the amount is backed as liquid deposits in the commercial bank. The agents spread through out the country allow people an easy access to money as compared to the limited number of automated teller machines or banks. Mino (2009) notes that ever since its launch, M-PESA has eased the domestic money transfer as previously people would use couriers, money orders or bank transfers to send money, which would be time consuming and often inconveniencing considering that most financial services are located in towns whi le quite a significant number of recipients lived in rural areas. Figure 1: M-PESA screen shot Source: Hughes Lonie (2009) Stage of industry evolution – life cycle The industrial life cycle model indicates that a business or an innovation like M-PESA would have four stages of growth (Shaun, 2009). They are: Start-up; growth; maturity; and decline.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Safaricom’s Mobile Banking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gauging by the events and the time-line that has passed between the trial phase and now, it is easy to place M-PESA on the growth cycle. It is obvious that the start-up period for the money transfer service was between 2005 and 2007, when M-PESA was operating as a pilot project. At this stage, it only attracted early adopters and it registered approximately 1700 users and recruited about 250 agents across the country. After the successful pilot program, M-PESA was formally launched as a mobile money transfer method in Kenya. This not only increased the consumer base and the agent numbers, but the second-mobile service provider in the country Celtel launched a similar service dubbed Sokotele to compete against Safaricom’s M-PESA. Unlike Safaricom however, Celtel lacked the infrastructure that Safaricom had laid during the two year pilot program thus meaning that Safaricom still had an advantage over its competitor. The fact that money transfer could only be done between people within the same network, who had to be registered with M-PESA, gave Safaricom another advantage. At this point in its life cycle, the company was (and still is) able to capitalize on consumers who are catching up and hence the mobile telephone company still stands a good chance to consolidate as much market share as it can. In this study’s opinion, the M-PESA product is still in the growth phase mainly because the Kenyan market still has a wide untapped mob ile telephony potential. Still, Safaricom does not appear to face much competition from the other three mobile service providers especially since Sokotele (now Zap after a change of name) lacks the penetration that M-PESA has in Kenya’s rural areas. Still, M-PESA is still venturing to new markets and in 2008, Kenyans living in the United Kingdom could use their cell phones to send money to their relatives in Kenya. In May 2010, a local bank (Equity Bank) partnered with M-PESA to allow M-PESA account holders to open a savings account (M-KESHO account) with the bank. This would in turn allow M-PESA account holders to transfer money from their mobile phone accounts to the bank’s account without having to go visit the bank physically. In view of this, it is clear that Safaricom is still venturing into new frontiers and hence is still developing the M-PESA product. As such, M-PESA is yet to hit the â€Å"maturity and decline stages of the product development life cycleâ₠¬  as defined by Bradford et al. (2000). Strategic planning in Safaricom Bradford et al. (2000) states that strategic planning â€Å"allows a firm to define its objectives, assess its internal and external environment, formulate a strategy that fits and implement the same† (p. 121). Further, a strategic plan has provisions where the firm is able to evaluate its progress and make the needful adjustments. Accordingly, a strategic planning process has five processes namely: Mission and objectives; environmental scanning; strategy formulation; strategy implementation; and evaluation and Control.Advertising Looking for thesis on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal Analysis Of special interest to this study is Safaricom’s environmental scan since it defines the company’s operating environment, which is of special significance to its success or failure in its business operations. To understand the internal environment, this paper will use a â€Å"Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats† (SWOT) analysis in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses facing the company. Bradford et al (2000), observes that a â€Å"SWOT analysis is essential in matching a company’s capabilities to the available resources, and the competitive environment it operates in† (p. 121). Safaricom’s SWOT Analysis Strengths According to Hughes Lonie (2009), the two representatives from Vodafone who lay the ground work and the partnership needed to roll off M-PESA, Safaricom had core competencies which made rolling M-PESA on its network less challenging The company had the systems and connectivity capabilities needed to roll the money transfer product. This meant that whatever commercial product that was developed by the innovators had to fit within the existing systems and network capabilities. The company had an already existing network of dealer outlet. Having worked with Safaricom previously, most dealers had no problem becoming M-PESA agents once they were convinced the project was economically viable. Safaricom was not the developer of M-PESA and hence the burden of innovation and implementation lay squarely on the shoulders of Vodafone. However, as Hughes Lonie (2009) notes, Vodafone is too big a company to be interested in a small market like Kenya. This means that the benefits of a successful money transfer service would be passed to the Kenyan people as well as the partnering mobile-service provider. Weaknesses Bradford et al. (2000) holds the opinion that the absence of specific strengths in business is perceived as weakness. Fortunately for Safaricom, and in this studyâ€⠄¢s observations, the weaknesses are not as many as to deter the innovative product from existence. One of the outstanding weaknesses in Safaricom is that its 80 percent market share presents both fortunes and bad-tidings at times. The former happens when the communication lines are jammed by too many calls thus jamming the communication networks. While this was initially a problem encountered in the voice and SMS products only, M-PESA also encounters such problems from time to time. Luckily, the problem never lasts for long although it inconveniences quite a number of clients whenever the problem occurs. Opportunities With Mobile money transfers gaining popularity by the day, opportunities for Safaricom abounds not only in the Kenyan Market, but also in the extensive east African Market. Omwansa (2009) observes that M-PESA has already been launched in neighboring Tanzania, and the prospects of partnering with local banks to extend the service to mainstream banks have already cau ght up. As of June 2010, three commercial banks in Kenya had already signed up with Safaricom to allow money transfers from the M-PESA accounts to their banks accounts. The banks were identified as Equity Bank Kenya Limited, Kenya Commercial Bank and Family Bank of Kenya. Loose regulations by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) have also afforded M-PESA room for growth unmatched by any other institution in the financial sector. Omwansa (2009) reports that CBK has maintained that M-PESA is not a banking account and hence cannot be regulated as commercial banks. Since it is a fairly new product that has benefited a lot of the Kenyan populace, Omwansa (2009) also observes that the regulatory agencies seems to have an â€Å"unwritten† agreement to let M-PESA be. This is largely thought to be spurred by fears that regulating it may stifle its growth. Threats Although Safaricom is the dominant mobile service provider in the Kenyan market today, one cannot rule out the possibility of more intense competition from other players in future. Omwansa (2009) for example observes that more mobile service providers are investing in the Kenyan market offering competitive rates compared to the rates offered by Safaricom for its voice and SMS products and this could change the market dynamics in the future. Industry Analysis Bradford et al (2000) holds the opinion that a company should evaluate the industry environment before venturing into the same. This allows the company to know what to expect, the barriers it is likely to face, substitute products available in the target market and the intensity and kind of industry rivalry to expect. One of the ideal ways of gauging all these is the Porter’s five forces framework, which this study uses to evaluate M-PESA’s operating environment. Rivalry According to Porter (1998), competition among rival firms has the ability to reduce profits that the firms get from their respective market shares. In Safaricomâ€℠¢s case however, the main competitor in the market was Celtel, which had no product to compete with M-PESA. This presented an advantage to Safaricom, which would have ample time to lay its mobile money transfer at its own pace without fears that the main competitor would out do it. As noted by Omwansa (2009), Celtel only tried out the mobile money transfer after Safaricom had tried it and succeeded. The lack of penetration of Celtel’s part meant that Safaricom remained and still remains the largest provide of mobile money transfer services in Kenya. As such, the would be rivalry failed to be because Celtel’s initiative did not succeed as one would expect especially in a market where it has already been proven that most people transacting on the mobile phone platform do not own bank accounts. According to Porter (1998), rivalries between firms operating in the same environment intensify for a number of reasons. They include: many firms in the same market; a slow growing market; high-fixed costs; uncompetitive storage costs; low or inexistent switching costs; low brand identification; high barrier to exit the market; diversity of rival firms; industry shakeout leading to overcrowding. Analyzing the competitive environment which Safaricom and its product M-PESA operates in, one realizes that none of the factors mentioned above are true in the Kenyan Mobile telephony market and least of all the mobile money transfer sector. This therefore means that Safaricom can only anticipate for probable rivalry in future, but is free to dominate the market presently, just as was the case when M-PESA was launched. Threats of substitutes According to Porter’s view, the threat of substitutes occur when better performing products or services are available in the market. Cheaper products or services also affect the consumer choices. Analyzing M-PESA and its core competitor Zap (changed name from Sokotele when Celtel was acquired by Zain); the latter has fair ly lower transaction costs when compared to the former. As indicated in the diagrams graphics below, Zap is much fairer in its pricing than M-PESA. While this would have given Zap a price-based advantage over M-PESA, the statistics on the ground suggests otherwise. Although acquiring statistics on Zap usage was not successful, this study easily obtained statistics from M-PESA, which indicates that the customer base for the service was at more than 2 million people in the 2007/2008 financial year, with 2,329 agents through out the country. In the 2008/2009 financial year, both the customer and agent numbers had increased with records indicating that there were over 6 million M-PESA customers and 8, 650 agents. By November 2009, the number had yet again gone up to 5 million customers and 14, 764 agents (Safaricom, 2009). Figure 2: M_PESA tariffs Source: safaricom.co.ke/index.php?id=747 Figure 3: ZAP tariffs Source: ke.zain.com/opco/af/core/home/channel.do;jsessionid=4CF576366FC37A 870DEB57F35D7EFB02.node0?channelId=-11711selectedChannels=-11704,-11711#lang=en Although this study would like to believe that Zap poses a real threat of substitute to M-PESA, it is apparent that the former would have to strengthen its subscriber base as well as its ZAP network across the Kenyan market in order to pose a real substitution threat to M-PESA. Buyer Power In Porter’s, buyer power is considered a major consideration that a firm must make when analyzing the industry environment in which they seek to operate. Buyer power refers to the impact that consumers of product and services have on the industry. Most consumers would rather have a situation where they have satisfactory products and services at low prices. However, this is only possible in a competitive environment where the there are few buyers in a rather large market share; the products are standardized; or where buyers can attain backward integration which would in turn threaten market players. In M-PESAâ €™s case, the buyer power does not seem to be such an applicable concept because Omwansa (2009) reports that the mobile money transfer services has been received and adopted by the banked as well as the unbanked population in equal measure. More to this, there seems to be a wide acceptance among the M-PESA clients of not only the appropriateness of the services in a country where banks are mainly located in town centers, but also the speed of transfer is something that is much appreciated by the Kenyan market. Upon making a deposit to one’s account through an M-PESA agent, there is an instant notification through an SMS of the money transfer. One can then choose to use the money deposited in their account to pay bills, transfer money to someone else’s account or electronically buy airtime for use of one’s phone (Safaricom, 2010). Barriers/ threat to entry According to Porter (1998), barrier or threats to a company entering a specific market can arise from different source. Key among them is barriers created by the government. Luckily for M-PESA, the Kenyan government was more than willing to create a facilitating environment. According to Omwansa (2009), this readiness by the Kenyan government can be explained that Kenya is a developing country that understands that innovation holds great potential that could aid in the country’s development. More to this, Kenya is among the African markets that are fast catching up on technology and the developments so far have only brought better prospects for the government and the population. Patents are also identified by Porter (1998) as other barriers restricting firms’ entry into a market. Fortunately for Safaricom, though the initial innovation was Vodafone’s, the latter had no patenting issues and had in fact come up with the mobile money transfer idea through the encouragement of DFID in order to take innovative banking solutions to developing countries in Africa and o ther parts of the world (Hughes Lonie, 2009). This gave Safaricom a free reign and could in turn patent this innovation hence Celtel’s adoption of the same two years after the M-PESA pilot program kicked off. Supplier power According to Porters, a firm operating within the producing industry is more prone to influences exerted on it by the suppliers. Such influence can lead to higher costs in raw materials. Being a service oriented product, M-PESA does not suffer from any pressures that could arise from the suppliers. The only contact between the service provider and the customer is the agent, and so far as Omwansa (2009) observes, the relationship between the agents and Safaricom have not suffered any major hiccups. Leadership Safaricom seems to have taken its position as the mobile telephone service provider in a fairly good manner. Gerson Lehrman Group (2010) notes that even taxi drivers know the Safaricom chief executive by name thus suggesting that the company has mai ntained a close relationship with its clients. Kenya being a fairly small market, this does not seem like such a hard task to achieve. Omwansa (2009) also notes that the company has managed to engage the media very well and as a result, it has not only kept a constant image in the eyes of the public, but has also made sure that every new development in the company is reported to the public promptly. By releasing its annual performance statistics Safaricom has endeared itself to the public not only because of its profit making, but also because it has incorporated innovation in its customer service. M-PESA is one such innovation that has indeed improved the company’s share as a market leader as Ombok (2010) notes; â€Å"The growth in M-PESA and data markets are the main growth drivers for Safaricom, and will still remain so going forward† (p. 1) Controls According to Omwansa (2009), M-PESA regulation is something the Kenyan regulators do not seem very eager to do at the moment. However, noting the expansion of M-PESA into different sectors and the links developed between the product and the financial institutions in Kenya, regulation seems like a necessary step. Apart from regulatory controls however, the money transfer system has instilled control measures that not only ensure the security of money transfer, but also ensure that users stand nothing to loose when using M-PESA. The person identification number (PIN) that one is required to have before carrying out any transaction on the M-PESA platform is one such control. Safaricom encourages the services users not to share the M-PESA pin numbers with anyone because it is the only thing that guarantees security for their money. Omwansa (2009) also notes that there have been incidences where a person transfers money to a wrong account. When this happens, Safaricom encourages people to call the M-PESA customer care services with the details of the recipient account. The customer service representati ves are then able to reverse the money to the sender’s account. However, the money can only be reversed if the recipient had not withdrawn the money already. Strategies and Tactics Delving into the strategies adopted by most Kenyan firms is not an easy task especially because such strategies are guarded as business secrets. In Safaricom’s case however, Fan (2009) observes that the company is not only intent at delivering services to the locals, but is also focused in adding the value that consumers receive from its products, while fortifying its brand at the same time. Quoting Safaricom’s CEO Michael Joseph, Fan (2009) observes that the mobile service provider has made use of the opportunity granted to interact and accompany its clients through the mobile phones. Among the principles that Safaricom seems to have adopted not only for M-PESA but for other product lines is â€Å"think globally, act locally† concept. Like elsewhere in the world, Safaricom und erstands that its Kenyan clientele needs a combination of good, efficient services at low prices, which it has worked hard to achieve. The organization has also been consistent in not only its performance but also in strengthening its brand name. Fan (2009) notes that currently, the main Safaricom’s competitor –Zain, has changed its name thrice since its inception in the Kenyan Market. Initially, it was Kencell, then Celtel and now Zain. While this change of name had no significant effect on service provisions, a cautious market like Kenya had its doubts about the sustainability of a brand that keeps changing its name. Safaricom on the other hand seems to have adopted a naming strategy that resonates with Kenyans thus giving them a sense of pride in the product. Quoting CEO Joseph once again, Fan (2009) observes that Safari is a Swahili name Journey. The PESA on M-PESA is also a Swahili derivative meaning money. As such, the firm is working hard to assure Kenyans that the firm belongs to them, a factor that has been translated to reality by enlisting the firm in the Kenyan Stock Exchange, where locals can buy shares into the company. Financials Although statistics are not quite clear about M-PESA’s contribution to Safaricom’s profit, the money transfer service is among the key growth drivers as noted elsewhere in this study. The firms CEO was quoted by Fan (2009) stating that the firm had hit the 4.5 million customer mark in 2009 and 7,000 agents through out the country. Statistics provided in 2009 indicated that peer-to-peer transactions conducted on the M-PESA platform on a daily basis were around Ksh. 160,000 ($2,133). This not withstanding, the amount of profits generated for Safaricom is quite significant considering that the lowest charge for each transaction is Ksh. 20 ($ 0.26). Above the fixed amount that attracts this rate, customers are charged 3.6 percent of the entire amount they are sending or receiving. Recommendations Conclusion Mino (2009) notes that the fact that Vodafone initially developed M-PESA as a peer-to-peer mobile money transfer method has put several limitations to the innovation. For starters, the amount of money that one can deposit in their account or transfer to another person’s account is limited at 35,000Kenyan shillings (approximately $500). This therefore means that merchants who would like to use the service to conduct payments for an amount exceeding the stated limit cannot do so. Notably, Safaricom does not hold or manage M-PESA operations rights since the M-PESA software is legally a possession of Vodafone. According to Mino (2009), this means that Safaricom, which is on the ground in Kenya, cannot create or distribute supplementary tools which would enable the M-PESA system to consider the interactions needed by merchants in order to conduct their business transactions without any limitations. Since Kenya is a vibrant developing market, it is only a matter of tim e that another person notices the opportunity that exists through the needs presented by the merchants. This is especially considering that the deposit limit is too low to many Kenyan businessmen. As such, Safaricom should seize the moment before anyone else does it and expand their deposit limits. This will not only allow merchants to hold huge amounts of money in their M-PESA accounts before transferring it elsewhere, but will also allows Kenyans to carry huger transactions on the M-PESA platform conveniently. There is also the unending challenge of agents not having enough liquid cash to meet the withdrawal requirements presented to them by M-PESA customers. Safaricom in conjunction with the agents need to find a lasting solution to this problem if indeed the mobile money transfer is to offer wholesome solutions to the financial challenges facing Kenyans. Overall however, M-PESA has been an innovation that has not only received recognition at home, but also elsewhere in the world . In 2007 and 2008, the innovation won the Kenya Banking awards, while in 2008, it won the GSMA best broadcast commercial, Stockholm Exchange (economic development category) and also won the GSMA best-mobile money service award in 2009. This however is not to mean that M-PESA is not facing challenges. The good thing however is that the leadership in Safaricom is willing to handle the various challenges through technology and innovation so as to beat the odds and make the product a lasting service in the Kenyan Market and elsewhere in the African continent. References Bradford, R., Duncan, J. Tarcy, B. (2000). Simplified strategic planning: a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast! Worcester, MA. : Chandler House Fan, J. (2009). Voice from Operators- Safaricom taking Kenyans on a pleasant Safari. Win 2. Retrieved from huawei.com/publications/view.do?id=5914cid=10948pid=10664 Gerson Lehrman Group. (2010). MPESA challenges incumbents: the new payments rail in emerging markets. Retrieved from glgroup.com/News/mPesa-Challenges-IncumbentsThe-New-Payments-Rail-in-Emerging-Markets-48515.html Hughes, N. Lonie, S. (2007). M-PESA: Mobile money for the â€Å"Unbanked†: Turning Cell phones into 24-hour Tellers in Kenya. Innovations. Winter Spring, pp. 63-81. Mas, I. Morawczynski, O. (2009). Designing Mobile money services: Lessons from M-PESA. Innovations 4(2), 77-91. Mino, T. (2009). Will the real banks please stand up? Business Daily. Retrieved from businessdailyafrica.com/Opinion%20%20Analysis/-/539548/621718/-/view/printVersion/-/xmkpkxz/-/index.html Ombok, E. (2010). Safaricom of Kenya’s profit to rise 21% RenCap says (update 1). Bloomberg Business week. Retrieved from businessweek.com/news/2010-05-25/safaricom-of-kenya-s-profit-to-rise-21-rencap-says-update1-.html Omwansa, T. (2009). M-PESA: Progress and Prospects. Innovations/ mobile world Congress 107-122 Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive Strategy: techniques for analyzing Industr ies and Competitors. Lafayette Detroit, MI: Free Press. Safaricom. (2009). Key performance statistics. Retrieved from safaricom.co.ke/fileadmin/template/main/images/MiscUploads/M-PESA%20Statistics.pdf

A topic based on a form of mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A topic based on a form of mass media - Essay Example Nonetheless, the vast majority of print media have been unshaken by the new wave of online technology where people can easily access online newspapers. Although the advent of online newspapers has posed a great challenge to the print media, the role of print media cannot be overemphasized, particularly in the modern society (Klein, 2009). In this respect, this paper explores and examines the role and future of print news media, especially with regard to the advent and dominance of internet news sources that have had an adverse impact on print news media. Although Gutenberg’s discovery changed the way print media operated in the 15th century, successive technologies in news broadcasting such as television and radio have continued to offer alternatives to print media (Free style marketing, 2014). More recently, the introduction of internet technology has enabled the dissemination of news through the digital media, a development that has not resonated well with the profitability and future of print new media. The leading newspapers like The New York Times and The Washington post, have survived the turbulent broadcast industry amid the introduction of digital news media such as cnn.com and bbc.com (Klein, 2009). Despite the fact that the digital news media have mushroomed in the recent past, they have not been able to phase out the print news media completely because both complement each other (Warner, 2011). In as much as the print news media has managed to stay in the market amid stiff competition from digital news media, it is worth noting that most of the public have shifted to online platforms. Indeed, the vast majority of newspaper readers now read the news in the digital news media using their phones, laptops, and personal computers (Free style marketing, 2014). It means that the print news media have to compete with the digital news media for the same audience at any given time (Warner, 2011). The biggest advantage that the digital news