Neural Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Neural Network - Essay Example Last line means to say that if the letters are placed in some tilted position, then also algorithm must tackle this problem. Pattern Recognition or Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a pipelined process consisting of several stages in proper sequence. They are shown in figure 2. Each character is represented as a combination of pixels. All pixels together make a huge feature vector. Total number of pixels is equal to wh where w is the number of pixel in width side and h is the pixels present in height. Figure 3 depicts the way pixel forms one particular character. xi is the fraction of ink in pixel i. Classifier must be adaptive (generalize) in nature so that it can be able to recognize patterns encountering first time. A typical character image is 6464 pixels large and for each such pixel 256 grey values are required making feature space large. For training a recognizer hence, requires huge amount of data to fill this vast space. In order to reduce the dimension space Principal Component Analysis is mostly used which transforms into lower dimension space (Yeung & Ruzzu, 2001). OCR also should make a distinguishing between ‘O’ and ‘6’. Figure 4 shows one case example. If t/b comes smaller that means letter is ‘O’ otherwise ‘6’. A good algorithm must define the tolerance level (T) adequately. Other examples of such cases are letter ‘q’ and digit ‘9’. First identify the maximum rotation number whether it is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6. Then check any mirror is present or not (m). Is there any indecomposable glide reflection (g)? And finally whether there is any rotation axis on the mirror present or not. Other than this Genetic Algorithm also works as PR. Selection of patterns play an important role in PR process as it determines the accuracy of algorithm, its learning time, and the necessary number of samples. Best selection of feature plays important

Being Black Essay Example for Free

Being Black Essay For my second formal writing piece I am considering writing about Shelby Steeles essay ? On Being Black and Middle Class. I find this piece interesting because Steele starts his piece with a contradiction his friend makes, and then he continues to unfold his view on the matter and how he started to change his mind over periods of time during his life. ?If you were black, you were just black and that was that (p. 687). Although I am not black, I have discovered that all of us change our views as we grow older. I love the examples Steele uses to describe his change of mind. He comments that ? race never fully explained our situation in American society (p 687). Class also plays an important role on who you become in life. Steele explains that the middle-class blacks in the sixties were caught in a double-bind in life; the race which they belong to and also the class in which they were brought up in. I agree with him on this point. Class has a lot to do with who you become and where you go in life. Even now, race plays a major part as well. People still look at others differently because of the color of their skin. Steele describes that society wants blacks to see themselves as a ? minority and I agree with that. I have heard many people comment on how someone performs a job using the color skin as an excuse. As a society, I believe that we are still trying to separate races and classes. Just like certain whites are looked down upon because of their living standards, the same happens to many blacks. ?The black middle class has always defined its class identity by means of positive images gleaned from middle- and upper-class white society, and by means of negative images of lower-class blacks (p 690). I agree with this because many people today dont seem to think there is such a thing as the black middle-class. Blacks are mainly thought of as lower-class citizens and whites as upper- and middle-class citizens. The people caught up in this class must make themselves known. They are their own people, not a mixture from others. Steele describes one of his professors telling him that he wasnt really black because he wasnt disadvantaged (p 692). This professor was classifying all blacks as disadvantaged, and if a black person happened to make it into the world as an individual, they were supposed to drop all connections with their race and their background. Obviously this is unacceptable. You are never able to forget and ignore your past and the people you came from. They are a part of you for your entire life. Another professor describes a situation where he was unable to allow blacks to stay in his boarding house because the color of their skin might offend the other boarders. As Steele puts it, ? he could not recognize that he was asking me to betray my race in the name of my class (p 694). Everyone must be able to identify with themselves as a whole person. Your race, your class and the role you play in society. If Steels had known better, he would have realized that he was actually being insulted non-directly. He is unable to change the color of his skin, but both professors were degrading the race he was a part of. This race is embedded in him and he should never forget it. Time has past and he now has come to this realization, but people need to be aware of what is being said around them. Those comments were unacceptable. Today is a bit different because in the sixties people could get away saying those type of things. Its harder to say things like that now. Almost anything can be taken as an insult somehow nowadays. Those are the main parts of Steeles essay and I will be using more details in describing these matters more clearly. Race and class both play a major part in all of our lives, and we need to be aware of where we are in society.

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings :: Literary Analysis, Gabriel Marquez

The residents of the little town in the story â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† by Gabriel Marquez, did not understand that they very well could have been in the midst of one of gods’ heavenly creatures. The old man that Pelayo found groveling in the mud on the beach, had wings like an angel, he didn’t speak their language like an angel might not, and he was peaceful and innocent like angel might be. But since he didn’t fit the exact â€Å"standards† of grandeur that the people thought that angels should have, they disregarded him, and set him aside as being irrelevant and â€Å"†¦father Gonzaga was forever cured of his insomnia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (403). In the text â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† the townspeople’s inability to determine the winged mans’ â€Å"being† highlights their paradigms. The townspeople determine that the old man does not fit the â€Å"criteria† of an angel. They disregarded him partly because of â€Å"His huge buzzard wings, dirty and half plucked† (401), He was old and decrepit and seemed crazy. Also, Angels are thought of as elegant and beautiful with a sort of spiritual presence. But instead the old man looked like a â€Å"rag picker† (401), and smelled of the wilderness. Next, the priest tries testing the man to see if he could speak Latin, â€Å"the language of god.† But since the man could not speak Latin, he was under the â€Å"suspicion of an imposter† (401), he was thought of as the devils â€Å"carnival trick† (401). Moreover, the man’s main significant terrestrial qualities were his wings and his oddity. As far as how angels are thought of, The only other feature that closely resembled a celestial being was that he could take everything that his spectators did to him as if â€Å"His onl y supernatural virtue seemed to be patience† (401). But his imperturbability and innocence are very misinterpreted by the people and taken advantage of to the extreme. The townspeople are cruel and treat he man poorly because they don’t understand him. They pull out some of his remaining feathers to â€Å"touch their defective parts† (402). The people have the audacity to take from the man, without permission, in an attempt to add to themselves and seem to feel no remorse for their taking. Also, at one point in the story a spectator burns him with an iron for branding steers, because they thought that maybe he was dead.

Three Significant Reasons Why I Love Outdoor Activity

Donghyun Lee (20110108) Prof. Lisa Lee English 2 (Sec. 60) October 4. 2012 Three Significant Reasons Why I Love Outdoor Activity There are many kinds of outdoor activities. Outdoor activity gives many mental or physical advantages to people. Therefore, many people love outdoor activity for various reasons regardless of its characteristic. For example, some like outdoor activity because of his or her own satisfaction. In addition, others do outdoor activity because it helps them to improve their health.However, the reason why I love field activity is on account of three important changes in my body : being refreshed, being short of breath, being thirsty. The first change which field activity creates is being refreshed. When I have trouble in studying or working, I have a splitting headache. It feels like being struck on the head by a hammer. At that time, I go outside and do simple outdoor activities like walking or skipping. Then, I feel the fresh air flowing through my veins ,and I am recharged.For example, when I was a high school student, I usually did a simple ball game when I was tired of studying. Therefore, being revived is the first change of my body which makes me do open-air activity. The second part of variety that field activity makes for me is being short of breath. There is no doubt that being short of breath is a very tiring feeling to anyone. I feel that exhausting feeling as well. However, though it is painful, I feel alive when I am scant of breath.For instance, when I do exercise which needs sustaining power like a marathon, I become so excited and aggressive since I think I am exceeding the limit of my physical strength. Thus, being scant of breath is another motivating power that makes me enjoy an outdoor activity. Finally, the last significant body change that motivates me to do open-air activity is being thirsty. The reason why being thirsty can be the cause of doing field activity is because drinking water after outdoor activity gives me happiness which cannot be described.For example, I become the happiest person in the world and feel as if I can fly while drinking water after doing a field activity. A cup of water after feeling raging thirst cannot be exchanged with any other delicious foods. As a result, thirst can be the body change which let me do outdoor activity. I become invigorated, short of breath, and thirsty by outdoor activity regardless of its feature. These body changes are the motivating power of making me do outdoor activity since the changes end up giving a positive feeling to me. What are the factors which make you do outdoor activity?

Burn Victim

Burns are very dangerous because if you survive the burn you are still at a large risk for infection. It is very hard to tell if the burned area is infected because the first signs of an infection are that the area is red, inflamed, and warm to the touch. A burned area already has these signs. It is also very easy to get an infection from a burn because the first defense against bacteria is the skin and burns damage the skin. More than ten thousand burn victims die a year from infection. There are six different degrees of burns.A first degree burn damages the outer layers of skin called the epidermis. A second degree burn damages the layers of skin under the epidermis called the dermis. Third degree burns damage both layers and possibly the muscle, tendons, fat, and bones. Fourth degree burns damage everything all the way to the bone. Fifth and sixth degree burns are usually only used once the person is dead because the burned area would be destroyed and it is not common for a person burned that badly to be burned in only a small area.It would be extremely surprising if someone survived a burn of the fifth or sixth degree and if they did the burned area would have to be a limb and it would have to be amputated. Another big worry of a burn victim is dehydration. Due to the heat from a burn, the blood vessels dilate and the plasma from the blood escapes into the skin. This causes blisters on less severe burns. Second degree burns are the worst burn that might blister. After second degree burns the skin becomes raw and oozes plasma. On a large area this can cause extreme liquid loss that may cause the victim to go into shock and suffer from dehydration.If a large area of skin is very damaged skin grafting may be necessary. Skin grafting is when the burned skin is removed and new skin from another part of your body is used to replace it. The upper thighs are often used because they are not as often seen. Skin can also be used from a family member or from a skin ban k, much like a blood bank. There is also a new way to get skin for a burn victim. Living cells from the victim are taken to a laboratory and grown into a piece of skin. If the burn is very deep in the skin a deep piece of healthy skin maybe needed.A second surgery may be necessary to close where the healthy skin was taken from if it is too deep. There are between one and two million people in America that seek medical attention each year due to burns. Fifty to seventy thousand people are hospitalized due to burns. Of those fifty to seventy thousand thirty to forty of them are under the age of fifteen. Burns are very dangerous. Even if the burn isn’t bad enough to kill the victim they are still at a high risk of death if the burn is very large. Even if they survive they may still need to have surgeries or amputations.